The Expectancy Theory of Motivation is best described as a process theory. It provides an explanation of why individuals choose one behavioural option over others. "The basic idea behind the theory is that people will be motivated because they believe that their decision will lead to their desired outcome"
"Expectancy theory proposes that work motivation is dependent upon the perceived association between performance and outcomes and individuals modify their behaviour based on their calculation of anticipated outcomes” This has a practical and positive benefit of improving motivation because it can, and has, helped leaders create motivational programs in the workplace.
The theory states that individuals have different sets of goals and can be motivated if they believe that:
· There is a positive correlation between efforts and performance.
· Favourable performance will result in a desirable reward.
· The reward will satisfy an important need.
Expectancy theory that occurs in companies
Expectancy theory predicts that employees in an organization will be motivated when they believe that:
- Putting in more effort will yield better job performance
- Better job performance will lead to organizational rewards, such as an increase in salary or benefits
- These predicted organizational rewards are valued by the employee in question